壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)可(ke)分為正壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)和(he)逆壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)。正壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)：當(dang)晶(jing)體(ti)受到(dao)某固定方向(xiang)外力(li)的(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi),內部就產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極化現(xian)(xian)象,同(tong)時(shi)在(zai)某兩個表面上產(chan)生(sheng)符(fu)號相反的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)；當(dang)外力(li)撤去后，晶(jing)體(ti)又恢(hui)復到(dao)不帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)狀(zhuang)態；當(dang)外力(li)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)方向(xiang)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)極性也隨(sui)之改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)；晶(jing)體(ti)受力(li)所產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)量(liang)與外力(li)的(de)大(da)小成(cheng)(cheng)正比。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)傳感(gan)器大(da)多是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)正壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)。逆壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)對(dui)晶(jing)體(ti)施加交(jiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場引起晶(jing)體(ti)機械變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)的(de)現(xian)(xian)象。用(yong)(yong)(yong)逆壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)制(zhi)造的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)送器可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)聲和(he)超聲工程。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)敏感(gan)元件的(de)受力(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)有(you)厚(hou)度變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)型(xing)、長(chang)度變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)型(xing)、體(ti)積(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)型(xing)、厚(hou)度切變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)型(xing)、平面切變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)型(xing)5種基(ji)本(ben)形(xing)式(shi)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)晶(jing)體(ti)是(shi)(shi)各向(xiang)異(yi)性的(de)，并非所有(you)晶(jing)體(ti)都能在(zai)這(zhe)5種狀(zhuang)態下產(chan)生(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)。例(li)如(ru)石英晶(jing)體(ti)就沒有(you)體(ti)積(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)，但(dan)具有(you)良(liang)好的(de)厚(hou)度變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)和(he)長(chang)度變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)。PMM PIEZO-ICSI的(de)廣泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)將(jiang)為不孕(yun)不育患(huan)者提(ti)供新的(de)選擇(ze)，幫助他們實現(xian)(xian)生(sheng)育愿望，重建家庭幸福(fu)。上海(hai)精(jing)子制(zhi)動壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)顯(xian)微注射

細(xi)晶(jing)粒(li)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)以往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)由幾微米(mi)至幾十微米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)多疇晶(jing)粒(li)組成的(de)(de)(de)多晶(jing)材(cai)料(liao)，尺寸(cun)已不(bu)能(neng)(neng)滿足需要了(le)。減(jian)小(xiao)粒(li)徑(jing)至亞(ya)微米(mi)級(ji)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以改(gai)進材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工性，可(ke)(ke)(ke)將基(ji)片做地更薄，可(ke)(ke)(ke)提高(gao)陣列頻率，降(jiang)低(di)換能(neng)(neng)器(qi)(qi)陣列的(de)(de)(de)損耗(hao)，提高(gao)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)機械強度(du)，減(jian)小(xiao)多層(ceng)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)每(mei)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)，從而降(jiang)低(di)驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，這(zhe)對(dui)提高(gao)疊層(ceng)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)、制(zhi)(zhi)動器(qi)(qi)都是(shi)(shi)有(you)益的(de)(de)(de)。減(jian)小(xiao)粒(li)徑(jing)有(you)上述如此多的(de)(de)(de)好處，但同(tong)時也帶來(lai)了(le)降(jiang)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)應的(de)(de)(de)影響。為了(le)克服這(zhe)種影響，人(ren)們更改(gai)了(le)傳統的(de)(de)(de)摻雜工藝，使(shi)細(xi)晶(jing)粒(li)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)應增(zeng)加(jia)到(dao)與(yu)粗晶(jing)粒(li)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)相當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)。現(xian)在(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)作細(xi)晶(jing)粒(li)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)已可(ke)(ke)(ke)與(yu)普通陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)競爭了(le)。近(jin)年來(lai)，人(ren)們用細(xi)晶(jing)粒(li)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)進行了(le)切割(ge)研(yan)磨研(yan)究(jiu)，并(bing)制(zhi)(zhi)作出了(le)一些高(gao)頻換能(neng)(neng)器(qi)(qi)、微制(zhi)(zhi)動器(qi)(qi)及(ji)薄型(xing)蜂鳴器(qi)(qi)（瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)片20-30um厚(hou)），證(zheng)明了(le)細(xi)晶(jing)粒(li)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)優越性。隨(sui)著納米(mi)技術的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，細(xi)晶(jing)粒(li)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)材(cai)料(liao)研(yan)究(jiu)和應用開發(fa)仍是(shi)(shi)近(jin)期的(de)(de)(de)熱點。北(bei)京(jing)精子制(zhi)(zhi)動壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)基(ji)因PMM與(yu)傳統尖頭針相比可(ke)(ke)(ke)促進ES細(xi)胞(bao)注射(she)入胚泡(pao),用于(yu)胚胎干細(xi)胞(bao)顯微注射(she)（ES cell Microinjection）。

壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)打火機(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)陶瓷元(yuan)件(jian)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)瞬(shun)(shun)間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)用什(shen)么儀器(qi)(qi)(qi)可以(yi)測(ce)量呢？起(qi)初，我們(men)試圖用普(pu)通指(zhi)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)式多(duo)用電(dian)(dian)表(biao)直(zhi)流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)擋測(ce)量，發現每(mei)次按動點火元(yuan)件(jian)的(de)黑色塑料壓(ya)(ya)(ya)桿(gan)時，由于(yu)兩個電(dian)(dian)極接(jie)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)只能使(shi)指(zhi)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)略微抖動一下(xia)。分析(xi)原因(yin)是，因(yin)為電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖持續時間甚(shen)短，指(zhi)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)慣性(xing)(xing)較大，指(zhi)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)無法同步體現電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)變化(hua)做大幅(fu)偏轉(zhuan)。換用數(shu)字顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)型(xing)多(duo)用電(dian)(dian)表(biao)，本以(yi)為其(qi)無指(zhi)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)慣性(xing)(xing)影響，應(ying)(ying)該(gai)能讀出瞬(shun)(shun)間高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)來(lai)(lai)，誰知事與愿違，我們(men)根本看(kan)不到(dao)預想的(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)讀數(shu)，只能看(kan)到(dao)一些變換不定的(de)低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)數(shu)據。分析(xi)起(qi)來(lai)(lai)，這是由于(yu)液晶顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)響應(ying)(ying)速度(du)較慢，點火電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖持續時間甚(shen)短，來(lai)(lai)不及顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)比(bi)較高(gao)瞬(shun)(shun)間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，只能顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降落(luo)（較平緩階段）過程中(zhong)的(de)某些隨(sui)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)讀數(shu)。***，我們(men)搬(ban)出實驗室的(de)“重磅(bang)**”──示(shi)(shi)波(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，再做一試。我們(men)用的(de)是實驗室**普(pu)通的(de)J2459型(xing)學生(sheng)示(shi)(shi)波(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，連接(jie)線為兩條普(pu)通的(de)帶終魚(yu)夾(jia)的(de)導線。從(cong)理論上講，示(shi)(shi)波(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是利用電(dian)(dian)子束(shu)偏轉(zhuan)后打在(zai)熒光屏(ping)上顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)光點移(yi)動的(de)，電(dian)(dian)子束(shu)慣性(xing)(xing)極小，應(ying)(ying)該(gai)能“跟蹤”上點火高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖的(de)變化(hua)，實驗結(jie)果不出所料。

**近(jin)幾年(nian)來，Piezo-ICSI法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（壓(ya)電(dian)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)受(shou)(shou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)）被高(gao)度重視。使用(yong)了Piezo-ICSI法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，與常(chang)規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)受(shou)(shou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)技術相(xiang)(xiang)比，對(dui)卵子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)害(hai)更(geng)小。結果顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)，用(yong)Piezo法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)會提高(gao)受(shou)(shou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)率(lv)(lv)，之后受(shou)(shou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)卵的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)育也(ye)更(geng)好(hao)(hao)。Piezo-ICSI壓(ya)電(dian)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)受(shou)(shou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，與傳(chuan)統ICSI顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)受(shou)(shou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)方式不(bu)同，采用(yong)平口而(er)不(bu)是(shi)尖口的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)注射(she)針，通過(guo)超音振(zhen)動技術打開(kai)卵子(zi)(zi)(zi)透(tou)明帶再將精(jing)(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)注入卵子(zi)(zi)(zi)，從(cong)而(er)一定程度上(shang)減少了注射(she)過(guo)程對(dui)卵子(zi)(zi)(zi)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)害(hai)，使高(gao)齡(ling)女性(xing)(xing)胚胎養囊(nang)率(lv)(lv)有(you)(you)所提升。臨床數(shu)據顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)，特別是(shi)針對(dui)一些大齡(ling)及反復受(shou)(shou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)失敗的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，Piezo-ICSI比常(chang)規(gui)ICSI方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)(shou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)率(lv)(lv)從(cong)66.4%提高(gao)到79.4%，受(shou)(shou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)以(yi)(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)退化率(lv)(lv)（即(ji)停(ting)止**）從(cong)18.6%降低(di)到11.9%。而(er)妊娠(shen)率(lv)(lv)從(cong)14.9%提高(gao)到23.1%。操(cao)作穩定性(xing)(xing)更(geng)強(qiang)事實上(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)較Piezo法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，常(chang)規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)受(shou)(shou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)從(cong)穩定性(xing)(xing)上(shang)更(geng)難操(cao)作。用(yong)汽車(che)來舉例的(de)(de)(de)(de)話，Piezo法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)于自(zi)動檔汽車(che)，常(chang)規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)受(shou)(shou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)于手動檔汽車(che)，Piezo法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)可以(yi)(yi)縮短(duan)培(pei)養師的(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)訓時間。日本只有(you)(you)10家(jia)(jia)能做(zuo)Piezo即(ji)使在日本，采用(yong)Piezo法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)**也(ye)不(bu)太(tai)多。在日本有(you)(you)600家(jia)(jia)進行(xing)體外受(shou)(shou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)、顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)受(shou)(shou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)**，而(er)采用(yong)Piezo法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)**或(huo)許也(ye)就10家(jia)(jia)左右。從(cong)現在起Piezo法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢會得(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)重新評估(gu)，或(huo)許10年(nian)，20年(nian)后會在世界各地得(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)普及。壓(ya)電(dian)破膜顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)操(cao)作儀利用(yong)壓(ya)電(dian)元件產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅動力，可以(yi)(yi)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穿(chuan)刺各類(lei)樣品：如小鼠、豬、牛的(de)(de)(de)(de)卵母細胞和(he)胚胎。

壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)-高(gao)聚物復合材料(liao)(liao)請添加圖片說明(ming)無(wu)機(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)和(he)(he)(he)有(you)機(ji)高(gao)分子樹脂構成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)復合材料(liao)(liao)，兼備無(wu)機(ji)和(he)(he)(he)有(you)機(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，并能(neng)產生(sheng)兩相(xiang)都沒有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)。因此，可以根據需(xu)要(yao)，綜合二(er)相(xiang)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)，制(zhi)作(zuo)良好性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換(huan)(huan)能(neng)器(qi)和(he)(he)(he)傳感(gan)器(qi)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接收靈(ling)敏度(du)很(hen)高(gao)，比普通壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)更適合于水(shui)聲(sheng)換(huan)(huan)能(neng)器(qi)。在其它(ta)超聲(sheng)波換(huan)(huan)能(neng)器(qi)和(he)(he)(he)傳感(gan)器(qi)方面，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)復合材料(liao)(liao)也有(you)較(jiao)大優勢。國內學者(zhe)對這個領域(yu)也頗感(gan)興趣，做了(le)大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝研究(jiu)，并在復合材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構和(he)(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)方面做了(le)一些有(you)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎研究(jiu)工作(zuo)，目前正致(zhi)力于壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)復合材料(liao)(liao)產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)(fa)。4、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)特異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多元單晶壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)體“PIEZO PMM 6”是一種壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)顯微操(cao)作(zuo)系統(tong)，作(zuo)為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)注射的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先驅，投入了(le)大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源進行其研發(fa)(fa)。北京細胞(bao)內膜打孔壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)細胞(bao)注射

PRIME TECH 公司生產(chan)的PMM 150FU為全世界較(jiao)早的壓電破(po)膜儀。上(shang)海精子制動壓電顯微注射(she)

壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)會有(you)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效應(ying)(ying)是因晶格(ge)內(nei)原(yuan)子間(jian)特殊排列方式，使得(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)有(you)應(ying)(ying)力場與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場耦合(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)效應(ying)(ying)。根(gen)據(ju)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)可以(yi)分(fen)(fen)成(cheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)單晶體(ti)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多晶體(ti)（壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)）、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)(he)(he)物和(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)復合(he)(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)四種(zhong)。根(gen)據(ju)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)形態(tai)，則可以(yi)分(fen)(fen)為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)薄膜兩大(da)類。聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)(he)(he)物早(zao)在1940年(nian)，蘇(su)聯(lian)就曾發現木(mu)材(cai)(cai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)。之后又相繼在苧麻、絲(si)竹、動物骨骼、皮膚、血管等(deng)組織(zhi)中(zhong)發現了壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)。1960年(nian)發現了人(ren)工合(he)(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)高分(fen)(fen)子聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)(he)(he)物的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)。1969年(nian)發現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極化(hua)后的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)偏二氟(fu)乙(yi)烯(xi)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)。具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)較(jiao)強壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)包括PVDF及其(qi)共聚(ju)(ju)物、聚(ju)(ju)氟(fu)乙(yi)烯(xi)、聚(ju)(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)、聚(ju)(ju)-γ-甲(jia)基-L-谷氨酸酯和(he)尼龍(long)-11等(deng)。復合(he)(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)復合(he)(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)是有(you)兩種(zhong)或(huo)多種(zhong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)復合(he)(he)(he)(he)而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。常見的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)復合(he)(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)和(he)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)(he)(he)物（例如聚(ju)(ju)偏氟(fu)乙(yi)烯(xi)活環氧樹(shu)脂）的(de)(de)(de)兩相復合(he)(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。這種(zhong)復合(he)(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)兼具(ju)(ju)(ju)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)和(he)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)(he)(he)物的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)處，具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)柔韌性(xing)和(he)加工性(xing)能(neng)，并具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)較(jiao)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)密度(du)、容易(yi)和(he)空(kong)氣、水(shui)、生物組織(zhi)實現聲阻抗匹配。此外，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)復合(he)(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)還(huan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)常數高的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)復合(he)(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)在**、傳(chuan)感(gan)、測量等(deng)領域有(you)著(zhu)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用。上海精子制動壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)顯微(wei)注射(she)